| | Key Legislation | Core Provisions | |------------------|----------------------|----------------------| | United States | PROTECT Act (2003) , FOSTA-SESTA (2018) | Criminalizes production, distribution, and possession of child sexual abuse material; expands liability for websites that facilitate it. | | European Union | General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) , EU Directive on combating sexual abuse of children (2011/93/EU) | Requires swift removal of illegal content, mandates reporting mechanisms, and protects personal data of minors. | | United Kingdom | Online Safety Bill (2023) , Sexual Offences Act (2003) | Imposes duty of care on platforms to remove harmful content, criminalizes the non‑consensual sharing of intimate images of minors. | | Australia | Criminal Code Act (1995) – Child Exploitation Material Offences | Criminal penalties for possession, distribution, and production; also covers “sextortion” of minors. |
: Technology companies are increasingly using artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to detect and remove child sexual abuse material from their platforms. These efforts, combined with human review and reporting mechanisms, are critical in the fight against CSAM.
International cooperation is facilitated through , EUROPOL , the International Association of Internet Hotlines (INHOPE) , and the Virtual Global Taskforce (VGT) .